Analyzing the Effects of Applying IoT to a Metal-Mechanical Company

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to show the improvements obtained through the application of IoT in a company of the metal-mechanical sector. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology used has been the collection of data before and after the application of the IoT in the process to manufacture tool-machines. Findings: Improvements obtained in some aspects of the process are very high (above 30%), making it a process that is more efficient allowing reduce costs. Research limitations/implications: Some aspects or details are difficult to quantify because there are no measurable parameters. Practical implications: Technological advances and new technologies applied to the industry, allows significant improvements in production. Social implications: Improvements obtained in the process can improve the conditions of workers. Originality/value: Originality of the paper is very high, because there are not many publications of study or practical cases in this sector, due to the confidentiality and competitiveness of the sector.Peer Reviewe

Optimizing Integrated Information with a Prior Guided Random Search Algorithm

Integrated information theory (IIT) is a theoretical framework that provides a quantitative measure to estimate when a physical system is conscious, its degree of consciousness, and the complexity of the qualia space that the system is experiencing. Formally, IIT rests on the assumption that if a surrogate physical system can fully embed the phenomenological properties of consciousness, then the system properties must be constrained by the properties of the qualia being experienced. Following this assumption, IIT represents the physical system as a network of interconnected elements that can be thought of as a probabilistic causal graph, $\mathcal{G}$, where each node has an input-output function and all the graph is encoded in a transition probability matrix. Consequently, IIT's quantitative measure of consciousness, $\Phi$, is computed with respect to the transition probability matrix and the present state of the graph. In this paper, we provide a random search algorithm that is able to optimize $\Phi$ in order to investigate, as the number of nodes increases, the structure of the graphs that have higher $\Phi$. We also provide arguments that show the difficulties of applying more complex black-box search algorithms, such as Bayesian optimization or metaheuristics, in this particular problem. Additionally, we suggest specific research lines for these techniques to enhance the search algorithm that guarantees maximal $\Phi$

Elaboración de un manual de políticas contables para la empresa Rose Success

La exportación de flores de origen ecuatoriano es un tema trascendental ya que el Ecuador surgió en el mercado internacional gracias a la gran aceptación de este producto. Este país, aun siendo un pequeño país en Latino América es reconocido a nivel mundial puesto que posee gran variedad y diversidad de flores. Rose Success es una floricultora ubicada en la parroquia de Tanicuchi de la Provincia de Cotopaxi. Esta empresa se ha ido desarrollando mediante el transcurso de los años, no obstante Rose Success busca el mejoramiento continuo en el ámbito contable-financiero para estandarizar sus registros contables. Se busca obtener estados financieros confiables y comparables entre sí, e igualmente plantear las posibles soluciones a las falencias que se encuentren durante este estudio, por lo cual se presentará un manual de políticas contables que permitirá la aplicación de criterios uniformes y conforme a las normas internacionales de contabilidad para lograr una oportuna toma de decisiones. Por dichas razones, se realizó el levantamiento de información sobre sus principales procesos y ciclos contables. Asimismo, se determinó los riesgos esenciales que podrían afectar a la empresa. Por lo cual, se propuso la elaboración de un manual en el cual se estandaricen sus políticas y primordiales procesos con el fin de mejorar el control interno de la empresa y mitigar los posibles riesgos. En conclusión, la elaboración de un manual de políticas contables permite que la empresa pueda controlar sus falencias en el ámbito tributario, control interno y en el área contable financiera, por lo cual es recomendable que las empresas implementen un manual que se ajuste a sus necesidades

Genetic inactivation and pharmacological blockade of sigma-1 receptors prevent paclitaxel-induced sensory-nerve mitochondrial abnormalities and neuropathic pain in mice

Background Paclitaxel, a widely-used antineoplastic drug, produces a painful peripheral neuropathy that in rodents is associated with peripheral-nerve mitochondrial alterations. The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is a ligand-regulated molecular chaperone involved in mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and pain hypersensitivity. This receptor plays a key role in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain, but it is not known whether it also modulates mitochondrial abnormalities. In this study, we used a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain to test the involvement of the σ1R in the mitochondrial abnormalities associated with paclitaxel, by using genetic (σ1R knockout mice) and pharmacological (σ1R antagonist) approaches.Results Paclitaxel administration to wild-type (WT) mice produced cold- and mechanical-allodynia, and an increase in the frequency of swollen and vacuolated mitochondria in myelinated A-fibers, but not in C-fibers, of the saphenous nerve. Behavioral and mitochondrial alterations were marked at 10 days after paclitaxel-administration and had resolved at day 28. In contrast, paclitaxel treatment did not induce allodynia or mitochondrial abnormalities in σ1R knockout mice. Moreover, the prophylactic treatment of WT mice with BD-1063 also prevented the neuropathic pain and mitochondrial abnormalities induced by paclitaxel.Conclusions These results suggest that activation of the σ1R is necessary for development of the sensory nerve mitochondrial damage and neuropathic pain produced by paclitaxel. Therefore, σ1R antagonists might have therapeutic value for the prevention of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.This study was partially supported by grant P11-CTS-7649 and grant CTS-109 from Junta de Andalucía, FEDER funds, a grant from Esteve, and a grant from the Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (NeoGenius Pharma project). F. R. Nieto was supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC) and C. M. Cendán by the Research Program of the University of Granada

CAPACITACIÓN VIRTUAL MASIVA ABIERTA Y LA CULTURA DE AHORRO DEL AGUA POTABLE EN LA CIUDAD DE AMBATO, ECUADOR

El agua es un recurso natural, e indispensable para la vida, dada su existencia desde tiempos inmemoriales se la ha considerado como un recurso inagotable, pero lamentablemente no es así. El presente trabajo investigativo partió de la problemática relacionada con niveles muy bajos en cuanto a una cultura de ahorro de agua potable en los hogares de la ciudad de Ambato. Lamentablemente se ha podido apreciar que la gran mayoría de personas lavan sus carros con mangueras, sus jardines igual y en su aseo personal como lavado de dientes, mucha gente bebe directamente de la llave dejándola abierta mientras se realiza su aseo bucal y así muchas situaciones similares. Para ratificar estos criterios, se desarrolló una investigación de campo entre cientos de estudiantes de las diferentes Facultades de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, ratificándose lo expuesto en la problemática. En base a esto, surge el proyecto de capacitación virtual que tiene como objetivo: Implementar un proceso de capacitación virtual masiva abierta, el cual permitirá generar una cultura de ahorro de agua potable en los hogares de los estudiantes de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato y así contribuir con su conservación. Se considera que primero se debe dar un proceso de concientización de la importancia del ahorro de agua debido a que es un recurso agotable para luego se adquiera esa cultura de ahorro con el paso del tiempo y especialmente en las nuevas generacionesPALABRAS CLAVE: Capacitación; virtual; masiva; abierta; ahorro; agua.MASSIVE OPEN VIRTUAL TRAINING AND THE CULTURE OF SAVING DRINKING WATER IN THE CITY OF AMBATO, ECUADORABSTRACTWater is a natural resource, and essential for life, given its existence since time immemorial has been considered an inexhaustible resource, but unfortunately it is not so. The present investigative work started from the problematic related to very low levels in terms of a culture of saving drinking water in the homes of the city of Ambato. Regrettably it has been seen that the vast majority of people wash their cars with hoses, their gardens as well and in their personal hygiene as a toothbrush, many people drink directly from the key leaving it open while performing their oral hygiene and so many similar situations . To ratify these criteria, a field investigation was carried out among hundreds of students from the different Faculties of the Technical University, ratifying the exposed in the problem. Based on this, the virtual training project that aims to: Implement an open mass virtual training process, which allows to generate a culture of saving drinking water in the homes of the students of the Technical University of Ambato and thus contribute to its conservation. It is considered that first a process of awareness of the importance of saving water should be given because it is an exhaustible resource and then that culture of savings is acquired over time and especially in the new generationsKEYWORDS: Training; virtual; massive; open; saving; water

Grip strength in mice with joint inflammation: A rheumatology function test sensitive to pain and analgesia

Grip strength deficit is a measure of pain-induced functional disability in rheumatic disease. We tested whether this parameter and tactile allodynia, the standard pain measure in preclinical studies, show parallels in their response to analgesics and basic mechanisms. Mice with periarticular injections of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the ankles showed periarticular immune infiltration and synovial membrane alterations, together with pronounced grip strength deficits and tactile allodynia measured with von Frey hairs. However, inflammation-induced tactile allodynia lasted longer than grip strength alterations, and therefore did not drive the functional deficits. Oral administration of the opioid drugs oxycodone (1–8 mg/kg) and tramadol (10–80 mg/kg) induced a better recovery of grip strength than acetaminophen (40–320 mg/kg) or the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ibuprofen (10–80 mg/kg) or celecoxib (40–160 mg/kg); these results are consistent with their analgesic efficacy in humans. Functional impairment was generally a more sensitive indicator of drug-induced analgesia than tactile allodynia, as drug doses that attenuated grip strength deficits showed little or no effect on von Frey thresholds. Finally, ruthenium red (a nonselective TRP antagonist) or the in vivo ablation of TRPV1-expressing neurons with resiniferatoxin abolished tactile allodynia without altering grip strength deficits, indicating that the neurobiology of tactile allodynia and grip strength deficits differ. In conclusion, grip strength deficits are due to a distinct type of pain that reflects an important aspect of the human pain experience, and therefore merits further exploration in preclinical studies to improve the translation of new analgesics from bench to bedside.This study was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, grant SAF2013-47481P), the Junta de Andalucía (grant CTS 109), and funding from Esteve and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)

Nivel de desarrollo cognitivo y de habilidades motrices básicas en escolares de diferentes sexos

In school initiation ages regardless of sex, cognitive development does not limit the level of basic motor skills such as a sense of balance, locomotion, and manipulation. Objective: In this research work, the relationship between the level of cognitive development and the level of basic motor skills in schoolchildren of the Oxford Educational Unit of the city of Ambato, during the period April-August 2021, was analyzed. Methodology: It is a quantitative, non-experimental investigation of correlational scope with a hypothetical-deductive method of investigation. For data collection, two instruments were used that made it possible to measure each of the variables in a study sample of 18 schoolchildren belonging to the Educational Unit of the city of Ambato. Results: The research results were verified through the Chi-square test with bilateral asymptotic differentiation at a level of P≥ 0.05, resulting in a non-significant statistical value at the level of relationship between the variables studied. Conclusion: It is concluded that the level of cognitive development in these ages regardless of the school's gender is not related to the level of basic motor skills.En edades de iniciación escolar sin importancia del sexo, el desarrollo cognitivo no limita el nivel de habilidades motrices básica como son sentido de equilibrio, la locomoción y la manipulación. Objetivo: En el presente trabajo investigativo se analizó la relación existente entre el nivel de desarrollo cognitivo y el nivel de las habilidades motrices básicas en escolares de la Unidad Educativa Oxford de la ciudad de Ambato, durante el periodo abril–agosto de 2021. Metodología: Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, no experimental de alcance correlacional con método un método de investigación hipotético-deductivo. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron dos instrumentos que permitieron medir cada una de las variables en una muestra de estudio de 18 escolares perteneciente a la Unidad educativa de la ciudad Ambato. Resultados: Los resultados de la investigación fueron comprobados a través de la prueba Chi-cuadrado con diferenciación asintótica bilateral en un nivel de P≥ 0.05 dando como resultado un valor estadístico no significativo en el nivel de relación entre las variables estudiadas. Conclusión: Se concluye que el nivel de desarrollo cognitivo en estas edades sin importancia del sexo del escolar no se relaciona con el nivel de habilidades motrices básicas

INFLUENCE OF SLUDGE AGE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MFC TREATING WINERY WASTERWATER

The objective of this paper was to determine the influence of sludge age on microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance for generating electricity and removing organic matter from winery wastewater. Six Solid Retention Times (SRT) were used: 1.2, 1.4, 1.8, 2.3, 3.5 and 7.0 d. Results demonstrate that the electricity generation increases by decreasing the SRT, selecting electrogenic microorganisms, once the specific organic loading rate (SOLR) increased and the competition for substrate was reduced. Decreasing the SRT, coulombic efficiency can be increased from 3.4% to almost 42.2% and maximum power density from 58 to 890 mW m−2. However the SRT did not influence on organic matter removal in biological treatment, because only a small part of COD was removed oscillating around 600 mg L−1 d−1and it was very similar at all SRT studied.El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la influencia de la edad del lodo en el desempeño de las celdas de combustible microbianas (MFC) para generar electricidad y remover materia orgánica de las aguas residuales de la bodega. Se utilizaron seis tiempos de retención de sólidos (SRT): 1,2, 1,4, 1,8, 2,3, 3,5 y 7,0 d. Los resultados demuestran que la generación de electricidad aumenta al disminuir el SRT, seleccionando microorganismos electrogénicos, una vez que aumentó la tasa de carga orgánica específica (SOLR) y se redujo la competencia por el sustrato. Disminuyendo el SRT, la eficiencia culómbica se puede aumentar de 3.4% a casi 42.2% y la densidad de potencia máxima de 58 a 890 mW m −2 . Sin embargo, el SRT no influyó en la remoción de materia orgánica en el tratamiento biológico, ya que solo se eliminó una pequeña parte de la DQO oscilando alrededor de 600 mg L −1 d-1 y fue muy similar en todos los SRT estudiados

Energy recovery from winery wastewater using a dual chamber microbial fuel cell

BACKGROUND Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can treat agro-industrial wastewater, but only a few studies have reported the treatment of winery waste and much work is needed in order to develop this interesting application of MFC technology, in particular in evaluating how the unfavorable COD/N and COD/P ratios may affect the MFC performance. In this work, a dual chamber MFC was used to treat real effluents from wine processing factories. RESULTS The MFC was not efficient in terms of COD removal, even when nutrients concentration was increased and daily removals which oscillated around 1000 mg L-1 d-1 were observed during the complete experimental period, with COD removals around 17%. Increases in the phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations positively influenced the production of electricity. By increasing the concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen, Coulombic efficiency was increased from 2% to almost 15%, and maximum power density from 105 to 465 mW m-2. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that electricity can be produced efficiently and that the unbalanced nutrients/COD ratio is a major challenge in the treatment of winery wastewater, in spite of the very high organic load contained in this type of wastewater. © 2015 Society of Chemical IndustryANTECEDENTES Las celdas de combustible microbianas (MFC) pueden tratar aguas residuales agroindustriales, pero solo unos pocos estudios han informado el tratamiento de residuos de bodegas y se necesita mucho trabajo para desarrollar esta interesante aplicación de la tecnología MFC, en particular en la evaluación de cómo la DQO desfavorable / Las relaciones N y COD / P pueden afectar el rendimiento del MFC. En este trabajo, se utilizó un MFC de doble cámara para tratar efluentes reales de las fábricas de procesamiento de vino. RESULTADOS El MFC no fue eficiente en términos de remoción de DQO, aun cuando se incrementó la concentración de nutrientes y se observaron remociones diarias que oscilaron alrededor de 1000 mg L -1 d -1 durante todo el período experimental, con remociones de DQO alrededor del 17%. Los aumentos en las concentraciones de fósforo y nitrógeno influyeron positivamente en la producción de electricidad. Al aumentar la concentración de fósforo y nitrógeno, la eficiencia de Coulombic se incrementó del 2% a casi el 15% y la densidad de potencia máxima de 105 a 465 mW m -2 . CONCLUSIONES Los resultados demuestran que la electricidad se puede producir de manera eficiente y que la relación desequilibrada nutrientes / DQO es un gran desafío en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales de bodegas, a pesar de la altísima carga orgánica contenida en este tipo de aguas residuales. © 2015 Sociedad de la Industria Químic